* Fix some concurrency problems detected by Xcode 8's new Thread Sanitizer.
Some of these changes are arguably just to silence the warnings from Thread Sanitizer.
* Fix several memory leaks in the unit tests.
A number of the unit test source files are compield with `-fno-objc-arc`. This was clearly overlooked when writing several of the unit tests.
Fixed by (mostly) switching to use of `-autorelease` for the problem code.
NOTE: This commit doesn't fix all the memory leaks found. There's still at least one leak in `-[ASDisplayNodeTests testSetNeedsDataFetchImmediateState]`, and several leaks in `ASBasicImageDownloader.mm`. I wasn't able to find a trivial cause to these, unfortunately.
Locking was not quite right here in a certain case where the transaction leaves after other references
were removed. Will restore this optimization in the future with more time to analyze.
This reverts commit ee524f497d0692a2c0c6ea39bd3840183a00f3ed.
